We are seeking four highly motivated PhD candidates to join our team as part of the interdisciplinary Oil-Clips program (
OIL-CLiPS - WUR), funded by Wageningen UR and its partners. The Oil-Clips program aims at unravelling the causes of disease outbreaks in oil palm plantations, focusing on Basal Stem Rot in Indonesia and Bud Rot in Colombia and how these are affected by changes in climate, farmer practices, and socio-economic changes. These disease outbreaks are seen as an interplay between host, pathogen, human action, social structure, and environment. The recruited PhD candidates will investigate these relations by applying concepts and methods from at least two disciplines.
This PhD project researches the political ecology of oil palm. You will study the dynamics of social relationships, human actions, and human-pathogen-environment interactions that have an impact on Ganoderma disease outbreak and management in oil palm regions in Indonesia.
Oil palm disease control is overly complex given the large diversity among growers, in terms of access to resources and position in the supply chain. Divergent narratives exist regarding disease control, often influenced by conflicting visions on sustainability and equity. In case of Ganoderma caused Basal Stem Rot disease in Indonesia, smallholder organizations recognize the threat that the disease cannot be controlled and will increase the vulnerability of smallholders. However, we lack knowledge on why smallholders find it so difficult to respond. To address this research problem, this project connects the issue of disease control with recent knowledge on how land tenure insecurity, limited access to resources and agronomic knowledge, and unguaranteed access to markets conditions smallholder’s management practices. It also connects it with the wider contentious discussion on oil palm expansion leading to deforestation, loss of land rights and livelihood resources, and increased dependency on one cash crop. Of particular interest are the implications of new sustainability policies.
As PhD researcher you will particularly explore: The PhD candidate will develop a research proposal that will focus on one or more of the following issues: i) Shifts in government responses to disease outbreaks and farmers’ (collective) memories on disease incidence, remedies, and impact on livelihoods.
ii) How social differentiation, resource distribution, and livelihood strategies condition oil palm cultivation and shape disease outbreak and management options.
iii) The narratives that have developed around plant diseases in policy documents, knowledge exchange events, media, and local knowledge and how has this influenced storytelling about effectiveness of proposed treatments.
iv) The institutional landscape, i.e. how institutions (as dynamic structures of rules) such as state regulations, sustainability certification schemes, and local cultural arrangements, shape disease related actions of growers and other actors. The PhD candidate will develop an approach that denaturalizes the disease and, instead, contextualizes the disease and its management by exploring social and political dynamics.
Research locations are oil palm growing regions in Indonesia and Wageningen University in the Netherlands (total stay in the Netherlands of about 18 months in different periods). You will focus on Indonesia but the work includes collaborative data collection efforts in Colombia, facilitating a comparative analysis of disease prevalence across continents.